• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The known hydrocyanic acid-methane-ammonia (BMA) process for the production of hydrogen cyanide can now be carried out with liquified gases namely through the presence of additional hydrogen at the beginning of the reaction. The atomic ratio of carbon to nitrogen and hydrogen is from 1:1:7.1 to 1:1.33:13. As additional hydrogen there is the portion of hydrogen present coming out of the reaction "hydrocarbon+NH3". Otherwise the reaction conditions are the same as in the known BMA process.
    公开号:SU952099A3
    申请号:SU802893652
    申请日:1980-03-18
    公开日:1982-08-15
    发明作者:Фойгт Карль；Клейншмит Петер；Вальтер Эберхард
    申请人:Дегусса Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the production of hydrogen acids, in particular to methods for producing hydrogen cyanide.
    A known method of producing hydrogen cyanide by reacting a hydrocarbon with ammonia at 900-1300 ° C on a platinum catalyst, followed by isolation of the target product [1].
    The disadvantage of this method is that as a result of soot deposits, the process is often interrupted, which negatively affects the performance of the process.
    The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method for producing hydrogen cyanide by the interaction of ammonia with natural gas and air or oxygen in the presence of 2Q hydrogen at 900-1200 ° C on a platinum catalyst and the subsequent isolation of the target product, moreover, natural gas, ammonia and air is used in a molar ratio of 2 5 1: (0.7-0.9) :( 5-6), and hydrogen - in an amount of 1.5-50 mol.% in terms of natural gas, i.e. the molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon is 0.015: 0.985-0.5: 0.5 C21.
    A disadvantage of the known method is that the process is often interrupted to remove soot deposits, which negatively affects productivity.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process by preventing soot deposits.
    This goal is achieved in that according to the method for producing hydrogen cyanide, comprising reacting a hydrocarbon containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms with ammonia at an elevated temperature in the presence of hydrogen on a platinum catalyst, the process is carried out at a molar ratio of hydrocarbon to ammonia and hydrogen to 1: (3.3-4.4) :( 6-9).
    Example 1. The process is carried out in a plant with a capacity of 40 mol / h of hydrogen cyanide containing devices for introducing and mixing the starting components, an external heating reaction furnace, in which a platinum-coated reaction tube is located, and a device for processing the reaction product.
    The gas of the following molar composition is introduced hourly into the reaction tube: propane: ammonia: hydrogen = 1: 3.3: 6. The gas is heated to 1300 ° C at 1 bar.
    After passing through the reaction tube, the resulting reaction mixture 5 is cooled to a temperature between 400 ° and 30 ° C.
    The output of hydrogen cyanide is equal to mol.%, In terms of propane or mol.% In terms of ammonia. After 10 absorption of unreacted ammonia in sulfuric acid and hydrogen cyanide in an aqueous solution of caustic soda, a residual gas containing 96.4 mol.% Hydrogen, 15
    1.2 mol.% Nitrogen and 2.4 mol.% Methane (according to gas chromatography), which can be used as a source of hydrogen.
    Example 2. Repeat example 20 1 with the difference that the source gas has the following molar composition: technical butane: ammonia: hydrogen = 1: 4.4: .9, and a mixture of 25 75% n-butane is used as technical butane and 25% iso-butane.
    The yield of hydrogen cyanide is 82.9 mol.% In terms of technical butane or
    75.4 mol.% In terms of ammonia. -, η The residual gas has the same composition as the residual gas in Example 1.
    Example 3. Example 1 is repeated with the difference that the feed gas has the following molar composition: carbon: ammonia: hydrogen = 1.4: 7.5, - * 5 wherein the hydrocarbon is a mixture of 40 vol.% Propane and 40 vol. .% butane (75% n-butane and 25% iso-butane). The yield of hydrogen cyanide is 85% 40 in terms of a mixture of hydrocarbons.
    The experiments in examples 1-3 are carried out for 500 hours. After the experiments on the platinum catalyst, soot deposition is not observed. 45
    Example 4. Repeat example 1 with the difference that propane, ammonia and hydrogen are used in a molar ratio of 1: 3.3: 5. After 420 hours, the hourly yield of 59 cyanide hydrogen decreases to 78 mol.% In terms of propane. Reducing the yield of hydrogen cyanide Fublovlov deposits of soot on a platinum catalyst. After further reducing the yield of hydrogen cyanide to 70 mol.%, In terms of propane, which takes place after 490 hours, the experiment is terminated for purification of the catalyst.
    Example 5. Repeat example 2 with the difference that technical butane, ammonia and hydrogen are used in a molar ratio of 1: 4.4: 10. The yield is only 79.3 mol.% In terms of technical butane. The formation of deposits on the platinum catalyst is not observed.
    Comparison of Example Results
    1-3 with the results of comparative experiments indicates that non-compliance with the limits of the ratio of the components of the reaction mixture indicated in examples 1-3 leads to the termination of the process for purification of the catalyst, which negatively affects the performance of the process, i.e. output per unit volume / time, or to termination of the process as a result of a decrease in the output of hydrogen cyanide.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    An hourly gas of the following molar composition is introduced into the reaction tube: propane: ammonia: hydrogen 1: 3, the gas is heated to 1,300 ° C at 1 bar. After passing through the reaction tube, the resulting reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature between 400 ° and 30 ° C. The yield of hydrogen cyanide is 87 mol.%, In terms of propanyl 80 mol.% In terms of ammonia. After the absorption of unreacted ammonia in sulfuric acid and hydrogen cyanide in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, I receive residual gas containing 96.4 mol.% Hydrogen, 1.2 mol.% Nitrogen and 2.4 small.% Methane (according to gas chromatographic phy), which can be used as a source of hydrogen. Example 2. Example 1 is repeated with the difference that the source gas has the following molar composition: technical butane: ammonia: hydrogen 1: 4.4:, 9, and a mixture of 75% n-butane and 25 is used as technical butane. % of butane. The yield of hydrogen cyanide is 82.9 mol.% In terms of technical butane or 75.4 mol.% In terms of ammonia. The residual gas has the same composition as the residual gas in Example 1. Example 3. The example is repeated with the difference that the source gas has the following molar composition: carbon: ammonia: hydrogen 1.4: 7.5, the hydrocarbon being a mixture of 40% by volume propane and 40% by volume butane (75% n-butane and 25% iso-butane). The yield of hydrogen cyanide is 85% based on the mixture of hydrocarbons. The experiments of examples 1-3 were carried out for 500 hours. After the experiments on the platinum catalyst were completed, no soot deposition was observed. Example 4. Example 1 is repeated with the difference that propane, ammonia and hydrogen are used in a molar ratio of 1: 3.3: 5. After 420 hours, the hourly yield of hydrogen cyanide is reduced to 78 mol.% In terms of propane. The decrease in the yield of hydrogen cyanide is due to soot deposits on the platinum catalyst. After a further decrease in the yield of hydrogen cyanide to 70 mol.%, In terms of propane, which takes place after 490 hours, the experiment is stopped to purify the catalyst. Example 5. Example 2 is repeated, with the difference that technical butane, ammonia and hydrogen are used in a molar ratio of 1: 4.4: 10. The yield is only 79.3 mol% based on technical butane. The formation of deposits on the platinum catalyst is not observed. Comparison of the results of examples 1-3 with the results of comparative experiments indicates that noncompliance with the ratio of the components of the reaction mixture specified in examples 1-3 results in the termination of the process for catalyst purification, which negatively affects the productivity of the process, i.e. output per unit volume / time, or the termination of the process as a result of a decrease in the output of hydrogen cyanide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Method for producing hydrogen cyanide, comprising reacting a hydrocarbon containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms with a "5 max in the presence of hydrogen on a platinum catalyst at elevated temperature, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the process by preventing soot deposits, t at a molar ratio of hydrocarbon to ammonia and to hydrogen, equal to 1: HZ, 3-4,4) :( 6-9). Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Germany patent number 1013636, cl. C 01 C 3/02, 1958,
    [2]
    2. The patent of England No. 1077238, cl. C 01 C 3 / -02, 1967.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE438845B|1985-05-13|
    RO79837A|1983-02-01|
    YU39870B|1985-04-30|
    DE2913925C2|1982-06-03|
    US4289741A|1981-09-15|
    DD149654A5|1981-07-22|
    PL223260A1|1981-01-02|
    CA1134593A|1982-11-02|
    JPS6261534B2|1987-12-22|
    GB2046233B|1983-01-26|
    IL59597D0|1980-06-30|
    AT367375B|1982-06-25|
    ES488100A1|1980-09-16|
    JPS55149123A|1980-11-20|
    MX153268A|1986-09-05|
    YU307779A|1982-10-31|
    IT8067047D0|1980-01-14|
    IT1127975B|1986-05-28|
    BR8000917A|1980-10-29|
    FR2453108B1|1984-01-06|
    NL188687B|1992-04-01|
    GB2046233A|1980-11-12|
    DE2913925A1|1980-10-23|
    CH645600A5|1984-10-15|
    FR2453108A1|1980-10-31|
    SE8002596L|1980-10-07|
    PL124280B1|1983-01-31|
    CS211369B2|1982-02-26|
    IL59597A|1983-11-30|
    ZA801915B|1981-03-25|
    NL8000406A|1980-10-08|
    BE882642A|1980-10-03|
    NL188687C|1992-09-01|
    ATA187380A|1981-11-15|
    引用文献:
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    RU2496717C2|2007-11-13|2013-10-27|Басф Се|Method of producing hydrogen cyanide|
    RU2498940C2|2007-11-13|2013-11-20|Басф Се|Improved method of producing hydrocyanic acid by catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide|
    RU2502670C2|2008-06-06|2013-12-27|Эвоник Рем ГмбХ|Method of hydrogen cyanide synthesis on cyclically moving as transport fluidised bed heat carrier in form of particles|
    RU2510364C2|2008-03-31|2014-03-27|Басф Се|Improved method of producing hydrogen cyanide by catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide with direct heating|DE151130C|
    DE548798C|1927-09-09|1932-04-20|Egon Eloed Dr Ing|Process for the catalytic preparation of hydrogen cyanide|
    DE1077198B|1950-01-31|1960-03-10|Lonza Werke Elektrochemische F|Process and device for the production of hydrogen cyanide or cyano compounds|
    US2768876A|1950-07-26|1956-10-30|Degussa|Process for the production of hcn from volatile hydrocarbons and ammonia|
    GB821139A|1955-02-03|1959-09-30|Lonza Electric & Chem Works|Improved method for the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide|
    GB839614A|1957-08-01|1960-06-29|Degussa|Process for obtaining hydrocyanic acid|
    US4164552A|1978-05-15|1979-08-14|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company|Preparation of hydrogen cyanide|US4108181A|1977-01-28|1978-08-22|Unicare Systems, Inc.|Cautery device for ophthalmic or the like surgical application|
    DE2947498C2|1979-11-24|1982-01-21|Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt|Process for the production of hydrogen cyanide|
    DE3036599C1|1980-09-27|1982-03-25|Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt|Process for the production of hydrogen cyanide|
    DE3132723A1|1981-08-19|1983-03-17|Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt|METHOD FOR PRODUCING CYAN HYDROGEN|
    DE3309394C2|1983-03-16|1985-11-14|Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt|Device for the production of hydrogen cyanide|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE2913925A|DE2913925C2|1979-04-06|1979-04-06|Process for the production of hydrogen cyanide|
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